真(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)空(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)鍍膜腔體(ti)(ti)內真(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)空(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)丈量(liang)(liang)(liang)是(shi)指用特(te)(te)定(ding)的(de)儀器和安裝(zhuang)，對(dui)某一(yi)特(te)(te)定(ding)空(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)間內真(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)空(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)上下的(de)測(ce)定(ding)。這(zhe)種儀器或安裝(zhuang)稱為真(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)空(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)計(ji)(ji)（儀器、規管）。真(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)空(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)計(ji)(ji)的(de)品種很(hen)(hen)多，通常按(an)丈量(liang)(liang)(liang)原(yuan)理(li)可(ke)分(fen)為絕對(dui)真(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)空(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)計(ji)(ji)和相(xiang)(xiang)對(dui)真(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)空(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)計(ji)(ji)。凡經過(guo)(guo)測(ce)定(ding)物理(li)參數(shu)直接取得氣體(ti)(ti)壓(ya)強的(de)真(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)空(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)計(ji)(ji)均為絕對(dui)真(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)空(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)計(ji)(ji)，例(li)如U型(xing)壓(ya)力計(ji)(ji)、緊(jin)縮式真(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)空(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)計(ji)(ji)等(deng)，這(zhe)類真(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)空(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)計(ji)(ji)所丈量(liang)(liang)(liang)的(de)物理(li)參數(shu)與氣體(ti)(ti)成(cheng)分(fen)無關，丈量(liang)(liang)(liang)比(bi)(bi)擬精確(que)，但是(shi)在氣體(ti)(ti)壓(ya)強很(hen)(hen)低(di)的(de)狀況下，直接停止(zhi)丈量(liang)(liang)(liang)是(shi)極端艱難的(de)；而(er)(er)經過(guo)(guo)丈量(liang)(liang)(liang)與壓(ya)強有關的(de)物理(li)量(liang)(liang)(liang)，并(bing)與絕對(dui)真(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)空(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)計(ji)(ji)比(bi)(bi)擬后得到壓(ya)強值(zhi)的(de)真(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)空(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)計(ji)(ji)則稱為相(xiang)(xiang)對(dui)真(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)空(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)計(ji)(ji)，如放電真(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)空(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)計(ji)(ji)，熱傳導真(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)空(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)計(ji)(ji)，電離真(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)空(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)計(ji)(ji)等(deng)，它的(de)特(te)(te)性是(shi)丈量(liang)(liang)(liang)的(de)精確(que)度略差，而(er)(er)且和氣體(ti)(ti)的(de)品種有關。在實(shi)踐消(xiao)費(fei)中，除真(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)空(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)校準外，大都運用相(xiang)(xiang)對(dui)真(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)空(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)計(ji)(ji)。本(ben)節主(zhu)要(yao)對(dui)電阻(zu)真(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)空(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)計(ji)(ji)、熱偶真(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)空(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)計(ji)(ji)、電離真(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)空(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)計(ji)(ji)的(de)工(gong)作原(yuan)理(li)、丈量(liang)(liang)(liang)范圍等(deng)停止(zhi)引見。